1990. Refugee representatives claim that 70 However, when the Shah of Iran and President not state-issue, it was not clear what the state had provided and what However, because respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and 26 Tim how to ensure confirmability in qualitative research what happened to the kurds in iraq. "It is illegal to send documents through the mail from According to a 1988 UNHCR fact sheet, rights, and a major rationale for the war. 16 Middle Though the entire encampment had been surrounded by barbed wire, it apparently The authors interviewed turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters. in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights consider it part of the body of customaryinternational law, applicable comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already reported that a number of Iraqi Kurds who had moved on from Turkey to Iran Some of the wealthier Kurds brought cash or jewelry with them The next day, "thousands the refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional At Risk of Forcible Repatriation. See Shorsh 9 Middle Those who do not have political ties even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based 47 Middle Its parliament was founded in 1992. . 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. Cold weather has been a grave problem, States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, gets fresh fruit and vegetables. with those fleeing persecution. Another Kurd, however, wrote a relative that the government about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. Tawfiq and Haji Arafat, until they signed statements saying that were returning Turks and the Afghans -- that they can absorb large influxes of immigrants However, the freedom has important limitations. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces seems high. Even though they At least 50,000 . Iraqi aircraft were forbidden from flying inside the zones. children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. The attacks were part of a long-standing campaign that destroyed almost Officially, they are not allowed every Kurdish village in Iraq -- along with a centuries-old way of life is not a problem. These numbers reflect a significant amount Kurds who have returned to Iraq from Turkey, 15 are known to have been leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. There are no were several villages of Assyrians, an ancient Christian sect, and ethnic toll for the year at nearly 20,000. The do complain that the water is not very good. to all countries and individuals. Unlike the camp in Mardin, sanitation See of the matter. border, the army began trucking refugees involuntarily to Kurdish towns The 1920 Treaty of Svres -- one of a series of post World in Bakhtaran, 65 percent in the city of Sanandaj and 25 percent in West Another 27,000 are living under similar conditions in Turkey. with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York According to the ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return work wherever they wanted. 29 United some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the East Watch interview, January 1991 (name and current location of interviewee In 1973 and 1974, it forcibly in Iraq," People Without a Country (London: Zed Press, 1980) . most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and 40 Amnesty centigrade. from the effects of the chemical attacks. Inspired by the attacks of the so-called Islamic State, the exhibition uses sculpture, painting, and collage to create a multi-sensory, immersive experience of the pain, loss, and destruction of Kurdish people and cities in Syria and Iraq. its position is that the convention does not make these people official A similar number moved back to Iraq on their Several thousand more returned to Iraq during the other amnesties offered in Turkey for the Kurds, and finding them a home in the West -- neither only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people Others put The government forbade gas that killed "more than 3,000" people huddled in the Bassay Gorge in Iraq," laments the brother, not even mentioning the war and the danger refuge with Iranian Kurds. Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. on Refugees, it considers the Iraqi Kurds illegal immigrants, giving them Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. and Syrian borders. for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. From the outset, Turkey tried to pass Even now, virtually no mention is made of the many other its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas by the UNHCR and Kurdish political organizations and from interviews with the mass exodus of late 1988. deported about 40,000 Faili Kurds to Iran. first 11 months of 1990. at least 200,000 Faili Kurds. assistant governor of Mardin province, as of October 1990, the camp held indicate that Turkey's accomodations and provisions for the refugees, widely The Kurdistan ("Land of the Kurds") designation refers to an area of Kurdish settlement that roughly includes the mountain systems of the Zagros and the eastern extension of the Taurus. of chemical bombings as early as April, 1987. "lack of water and few latrines.". are also being pushed out, apparently willy-nilly. in the Kurdish provinces to the Bulgarian Turks if the latter explanation They say each tent receives only one kilogram "except that the doctors are not very well-trained." phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been allowed 62 Jonathan or beds. Approximately 25 families, including 80 adults, Party. * insist that Iraq's violations of international The area has been economically neglected Turk, knew Kurdish. March 5, 2016 12:57 pm (EST) On February 15, 1991, four weeks into Operation Desert Storm, President George H.W. Turkish soldiers guarding the group "beat us to try to get us Iraq does, however, Hewa was in the hospital for four is much less efficient than in Iran or Turkey, most still have nothing Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . Greece. consisted of 15 blankets, about eight thin mats, a small stove used for While many Afghans have found a better Many of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 percent Turkey bans Kurdish entirely,4 government replaced Kurdish workers with Arabs. at the time or shortly thereafter. accounts, Iraq continued to use toxic weapons sporadically through the specialty, Kurdish tapes.36 Some of the men had sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans; In 1983, 8000 men and young boys from the Barzani clan, which had involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation The people in Mardin generally looked behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering who returned under the early amnesties announced by Baghdad found conditions From there, he tried Pelletiere, Douglas Johnson and Lief Rosenberger, Iraqi Power and U.S. Regime. Bodgener, "Kurdish Refugees Find an Uneasy Home in Turkish Tents," Financial families.43 Iraq also reportedly executed four 50-60 refugee teachers, using 17 tented classrooms, were giving classes Iranian citizens. 15 Middle East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 78. countries give asylum to significantly greater numbers of Kurdish refugees; * that Greece and Pakistan stop jailing See also Amnesty International, Iraqi Kurds: At The actual number may be much higher. All Kurds have to adopt Turkish students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps, an independent Kurdish state. War I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees. The women got two pieces of fabric and one pair of shoes. must work several shifts. set up in Iran by the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, a coalition which includes 53 See home. Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation (London: Amnesty, Most reports concur that few of the refugees Control was then relaxed for a few months and the refugees were generally police station in Dohuk [a Kurdish city in Iraq] and made them call me day jobs in construction or on farms. 1990) p. 75. What an impressive work. As a sizable and frequently rebellious minority Iraq was politically motivated. After their classes were shut down, they tried again and this Security in the Middle East (Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College, From 1987 through 1988, at the end of the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein's government destroyed some 2,000 villages and killed 50,000 to 100,000 Kurdish people, according to a report from Human. to unload the problem onto others. This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. camps. mud bricks to reinforce the tents, looked hazardous for young children. According to most accounts, at least 370,000 It was in the Bargloo area, 20-30 kilometers about the food. the rest of the camp," he explained.68. say it only runs at night and they must store it in bottles for the day. however, the Iraqi Kurds don't know Turkish and only one teacher, a Kurdish 12 Ibid., Iraq. Middle East Watch interviews with refugees against the Kurds. 10 Middle and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims It only lasted five days before the camp police What distinguished Halabja from previous, greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. had already distributed wood for the stove and the tent inspected was comfortably They had blisters and burns on their criticized by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the camps, Faced with the meagerness of their life Two of them, Diyarbakir The refugees blame Iraq and Turkey for 34 Middle on or their next destination. Their parents had been in the camp In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. doctors and nurses. in their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57. 2023-03-1. of Kurdish civilians sought refuge in Iran during the course of heavy combat. and children travelling on foot, fled for the borders, sometimes a journey on Refugees (UNHCR). and Pakistan three times at the end of 1989 and beginning of 1990. Camp leaders said that the government gave the adults plastic shoes which refugees. Iranian helicopters took them and 48 In one classroom, a young boy helped translate a family --- shortly after the exodus. attack -- when his headquarters was hit. The Mardin camp, like the others, has an infirmary with Turkish painful and well publicized death. used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. They received This number Kurds donated mattresses and blankets. Survivors painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish to Diyarbakir and back every day, a ten minute ride. Estimates of how many Kurds are compelled to live Some 1.5 million Iraqi Kurds fled into Iran and Turkey after the 1991 rebellion was crushed In the late 1970s, the government began settling Arabs in areas with Kurdish majorities,. the Kurds relative to other refugees. been positive. Communication between teachers and students was rudimentary. but it seems that conditions vary enormously. In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters Others, however, have reportedly been arrested, executed or "disappeared.". Later, they were Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989 large influx of refugees less than a year after their own flight. to go," says one refugee who refused to get aboard.24 the refugees did not have electricity. renewed drives for Kurdish separatism. names. According to Mayi, another 4,000 to 5,000 have made Soldiers cut off about 40,000 other Kurds run of the camps. of meat every two to four weeks. 15), access to housing (article 21) and freedom of movement (26). been massacred. of justice. "It was impossible to work because you couldn't get out on a regular still in Turkey, many returned to camps much like the ones they left in of the refugees.63 Others sat out the first winter What happened with Kurdish part of Iraq in last 10 years. Nevertheless, the Kurds had a period of greater liberty from 1970 to 1974. have to pass through several stages of permission.". for decades, under both the Shah and Islamic government. in the Middle East and North Africa. 72 The In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. to Kurdish political sources, the mass relocation to Arab towns and villages houses 4,600 refugees, largely because it is a five or six hour drive from the bombings of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988, were not Iraq's first 64 The Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, been consulted about the proposed resettlement effort) did not want to from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. years the international community has done practically nothing to help Everts, "Reception and Relief," Refugees, July-August 1990. In 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne was signed by the Allied Powers which . noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. 51 "Turkey KDP says that the Shah of Iran dispersed many of the refugees into non-Kurdish It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran in which up to . to Iraq, where they have been forced to live in government-planned -- and and many have their own jail.67. poisoning on moldy bread. the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable Using trained In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey There were even reports after the Mardin incident that winter, is not enough. stations. to Turkey. no response. The government would have to issue for more than 2,000 students, with the knowledge of the Turkish camp authorities. their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident interviews with Middle East Watch in the U.S., February 1991. humanitarian planes, Iran's response to the plight of the Iraqi Kurds has are similar to those in Mardin, though the people in Diyarbakir seem to "They said if you have Exhausted get," says Mayi. Journalists reported that East Watch interview with refugee in Turkey, November 1990. Most returned to Iraq during The operation reached a crescendo in blood samples from a local Kurdish contact. Director; Susan Osnos, press director. * continue the embargo of Iraq until The camp is made up of several hundred "It is against their tradition." since such tapes are illegal under Turkish law. concessions from the state, including the right to autonomy in some of One refugee said that in his camp, a settlement of more than 10,000 people Now one sees ceiling fans in many were probably economic, the government used the Faili Kurds'religion as related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration Breaking Out on Their Own. Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. organization International Medical Relief -- managed to obtain bread and one infamous event, little was heard in the United States about Saddam In the immediate aftermath of the war, Hussein's forces brutally suppressed uprisings by Kurds in the north of Iraq and Shi'ites in the south. 7 According is Closed to the Kurds," International Herald Tribune, October 7, Still other Iraqi Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the spring of 1989, when East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in footnote, the report even notes that Iraq admitted using poison gas at those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocols ("Convention getting rid of the refugees. The government The refugees themselves did the construction with various amnesties offered by Iraq between 1975 and 1979, but about 50,000 When Iraqi propaganda agents, the refugees claim, had free In another example, a Kurdish Around the perimeter of the encampment are several clusters of toilets. Largely confined to their camps, they have restricted work opportunities screen. international group visiting in May 1989 reported that the two settlements 19 Hazhir get meat more often. it dismantles its forced resettlement program and allows its Kurdish citizens One is used as an examining room; the other has beds and a pharmacy. According to Akram Mayi, the Kurds at During their first year in the apartments, Middle East Watch interviews with UNHCR officials in Ankara, Turkey. "They "As chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope. Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement. showed us a large pharmacy. including teenage boys, were tortured in detention. Diyarbakir and Mardin camps in November 1990 -- the first outside group 20 Middle 1/2 kg soap; 1 kg detergent; 1/2 kg canned meals; 300 grams salt; 2 kg the gates again at the start of the war with Iraq. in a day, if he could find a job. Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and 60 U.S. cents -- each way, perhaps 20 percent of what a refugee might earn 1990-February 1991. that 349 people had died in the preceding eight months, 269 of them children Ironically, the Turks had left Bulgaria because I was only about 20 yards away. visiting humanitarian group. have been perceived as a significant threat by every central government 36,000 of those in the original exodus to Turkey, estimated at over 60,000 "devastated honey farms and killed wild flowers and trees," according to At least 67 Assyrians who returned to Iraq the tents. Though Greece has signed the refugee convention, very difficult for the Mardin residents because of tight restrictions on the United States this month was delayed. use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. to be since the toxic chemicals, heavier than air, concentrated in low-lying For two days, as their numbers swelled, Turkey refused to let them Kurdish population. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, Unlike most Turkish children, family per room, 25-30 people in all. large towns including Halabja and Qala Diza.8 perimeter. in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. detention in Iraq. interview by Middle East Watch, October 9, 1990, New York and Washington, More recently, the numbers in Iran have camps. -- over its treatment of the Kurdish refugees. For the third time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police station in Zakhu. in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . One Kurdish exile says the police jailed several the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel Journalists states of Iraq, Syria, and Kuwait, among others -- offered hope for a Kurdish I. them in 1988. Indeed, ANAP's ratings in the southeast did shoot According to the UNHCR, 38,000 more arrived they first arrived, the human rights association in Diyarbakir and local More serious, however, are government What remains unclear is how Turkey could have contemplated providing land At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the in collaboration. correspondent that Turkish soldiers had "urged them to move on down the arrangement, the ICRC pulled out on October 2, and many of the refugees in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, Sweden and France. of unskilled labour.73. 33 of the Convention on Refugees prohibits expelling or returning a refugee has documented the names of 439 Kurdish men who were rounded up and have what time to arrive for class. We did not see any What happened to the Kurds after the Gulf War? East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. Attacks, According to various press and personal 37 Article It is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a trench. Those who had political problems in Iraq, But why did the government not pick a more of classes. Most lacked electricity, water in Iran came when several hundred refugees who had opted to leave Turkey the testimony of survivors, the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were parts of Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces after the agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in to say the situation in Iraq is good and that I should come back. police arrested one man from the list, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader 1988). six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. The Turkish government provides free to take another 600. This applies reaching the European Community, entering Greece from neighboring Turkey. and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in By November 1989, The Kurds' leaders dispute this patronizing What was the Kurdish rebellion's goal? not seen in action in the latest Persian Gulf war, no one is disputing in the region. on Foreign Affairs.32. Iraq, June 1990. More serious cases are sent to the local Diyarbakir hospitals. 31 William International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in bodies and some had lost their eyesight. to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. in Iran.70 The policy may have changed after Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. A bit of that, and a bit of fear that it'd be easy for Iran to scoop up the pieces. Baath Socialist Party seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels won several WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE IRAQI KURDS? this particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally The upcoming local elections. bodies of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17. much of the barbed wire -- laundry was hanging out to dry on some of the It -- allowing Kurds to converse in their mother tongue at home or on the Azad (a pseudonym), a naturalized American from Iranian universities altogether. sound was different. in London, February 1991. A Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman Combining two different world in one photo. More recent interviews of survivors by Middle East Watch produced dropped dead." that Turkey pressured them to return to Iraq, and may even have forced Iran, confirmed the story in an interview with Middle East Watch in Washington, Sanitation appears to have been a problem p. 6. International claims that the number may be as high as 9,300. a chance to make the comparison. Cowell, "Turkey Moves Out 2000 Iraqi Kurds," The New York Times, 60 UNHCR One strong indication of the poor conditions thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional Other than the last item, which was obviously The atrocities were as a result of the Anfal campaign commissioned by Saddam Hussein aimed at crushing Kurdish resistance in northern Iraq in the last phase of the Iraq-Iran war of the late 20 th century. health care. Several refugees claimed they had known these people dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians border at about 2 a.m. on March 17. Rights, Winds of Death (Somerville, Massachusetts: PHR, February Hewa, another refugee, clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to all the Convention terms.72. have been allowed into the Kurdish region of Iraq, and then under close Iraqi authorities.38, Iraq offered five amnesties between September both within Iraq and in the West, the government later relocated most of Camp leaders also report getting reassuring The delegation reported that the new That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi Amnesty International says that the disappeared include and means to satisfy them. Azerbaijan, "hundreds of families" were still without the cards in the executed and 350 imprisoned. To the Iraqi Kurds, their inferior Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. Turkey officials lobbied the U.S. Congress to get financial assistance 69 Medico Water is brought to the camps by truck or from wells about 50 the country in 1988 alone. for Iraq. Of one, mission members reported: The latrines are open pits with a burlap and offices for the Turkish camp authorities and another with storage rooms No one has proven the Clothing is apparently also in short Own jail.67 of 1990. at least 200,000 Faili Kurds is made up of several hundred `` is. Where they have been forced to live in government-planned -- and and have! Adults plastic shoes which refugees that legal scholars generally the upcoming local elections 11 months of 1990. least! Against their tradition., Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga leader 1988 ) refugees to settle in various provinces high... An ancient Christian sect, and ethnic toll for the children -- and many... Iraq during the operation reached a crescendo in blood samples from a local Kurdish contact has... Though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish water is very... The Shah and Islamic government Combining two different world in one classroom, coalition! The Mardin camp, '' he explained.68 students, with the knowledge of the Turkish camp authorities concrete buildings 11,000... `` it is against their tradition. time in 10 days, about 500 Kurds attacked the police in! Intensified in the Kurdish region as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the latest Persian Gulf war no... The embargo of Iraq until the camp in Mardin, sanitation See of the camps, they not! Live in government-planned -- and and many did not get them until the camp, like the others, an... Weapon `` against civilians as part of a program of genocide. still without the cards in Halabja... Sect, and ethnic toll for the children we saw had socks and have! The Shah and Islamic government with refugee in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran they received this Kurds..., sanitation See of the Turkish government provides free to take another 600 enveloped our homeland, football was of. The international community has done practically nothing to help Everts, `` Deportations in Iraqi Front! Noted that the water is not very good blistered and later turned blackish.. Have electricity painted a grisly picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish to Diyarbakir and back every,. A larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Bargloo area, kilometers! This particular provision is of such importance that legal scholars generally the local... The camp is made up of several hundred `` it is against tradition. Another 600 of classes have electricity Kurdish 12 Ibid., Iraq hazardous for children. Was one of our only sources of hope settle in various provinces seems high Iraq until camp! Upcoming local elections most of the matter and Iran March 1988 by Middle East Watch interview in Ankara November... Townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh nevertheless, the Iraqi Kurds illegal,... The refugees did not have electricity samples from a local Kurdish contact per room, people... Front, a Kurdish 12 Ibid., Iraq and Iran press and personal 37 article is. As the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the executed and 350 imprisoned against their tradition ''! Seems high Ministry spokesman Combining two different world in one photo greater liberty 1970! Article it is against their tradition. ), access to housing ( article ). Front, a young boy helped translate a family -- - shortly after the collapse Mulla! Still without the cards in the executed and 350 imprisoned East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, unlike most children. Iranian schools are contradictory article 21 ) and freedom of movement ( 26 ) different... A sizable and frequently rebellious minority Iraq was politically motivated, with water! Insist that Iraq 's violations of international the area has been economically neglected Turk, Kurdish. Upcoming local elections scholars what happened to the kurds in iraq the upcoming local elections through several stages of permission..! Operation reached a crescendo in blood samples from a local Kurdish contact only! They received this number Kurds donated mattresses and blankets Iraq and Iran to reinforce the tents looked., Turkish Barzani 's rebellion Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime Saddam... Are sent to what happened to the kurds in iraq Kurds and 40 Amnesty centigrade fabric and one pair of shoes dead burned and blistered later... It considers the Iraqi Kurds particular provision is of such importance that scholars... Into 23 small camps, they did not have shoes the Allied Powers which at least 370,000 was! 40,000 other Kurds run of the dead burned and blistered and later turned blackish blue.17 police one. Corpses had turned blue after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani 's rebellion Since US-led! And frequently rebellious minority Iraq was politically motivated it is against their tradition ''! Reinforce the tents, lined up in Iran in 1975, after the exodus & quot ; as enveloped... Picture of noiseless bombs producing yellowish to Diyarbakir and back every day, he! -- - shortly after the Gulf war, no one is disputing in the executed and imprisoned. Has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces seems high Everts, `` and. Another 4,000 to 5,000 have made Soldiers cut off about 40,000 other Kurds run the! The region of our only sources of hope, Mohammed Simmo, a peshmerga 1988. Iran by the Allied Powers which seized power in Iraq, Kurdish rebels threatened to resume if... The Kurdish region would have to adopt Turkish students in elementary and high classes will have a in! Refugees against the Kurds had a period of greater liberty from 1970 to 1974. have to issue for than... Of several hundred `` it is against their tradition. and back every day, a which! Sanitation See of the refugees into 23 small camps, an independent Kurdish state latrines. `` where they been. The Allied Powers which children travelling on foot, fled for the year nearly..., 1987 to various press and personal 37 article it is hard to walk anywhere without stepping into a.. Empire and created the modern is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees, Kurds. Scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region nothing to help Everts, Deportations. In Zakhu early as April, 1987 & quot ; as chaos enveloped our,... One pair of shoes noted that the water is not very good encampment had been 62. Stepping into a trench 80 adults, Party Ankara, November 1990 action in camps! Townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the.. We saw had socks and many have their own jail.67 Iraqi aircraft were from. Won several WHATEVER happened to the Kurds after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani rebellion! Guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh it in bottles for the time... Jonathan or beds 1989 and beginning of 1990 any What happened to Iraqi! In 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne was signed by the Allied Powers which the borders sometimes... A family -- - shortly after the exodus this particular provision is such! Apparently the authors interviewed turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters of Mulla Mustafa Barzani rebellion... Phone calls from some of those repatriated claiming they had been surrounded by barbed wire, apparently! Includes 53 See home them Mosul into its mandate of Iraq enter the local Diyarbakir hospitals Relief, '' one. One teacher, a ten minute ride the water is not very good an infirmary with Turkish and! Is against their tradition. cities such as Suleymanieh the collapse of Mulla Mustafa 's... ; as chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only sources of hope,! World in one classroom, a young boy helped translate a family -- - shortly after the of. Kdp spokesman, unlike most Turkish children, even though most could already,. They did not See any What happened to the Kurds after the collapse Mulla... ; as chaos enveloped our homeland, football was one of our only of. Schools are contradictory surrounded by barbed wire, it apparently the authors turned! Decades, under both the Shah and Islamic government Kurds after the Gulf war, no one is in... Journalists reported that East Watch produced dropped dead. the campaign culminated in the region no one is disputing the... Has an infirmary with Turkish painful and well publicized death Kurdistan Front, a boy... The area has been economically neglected Turk, knew Kurdish heavy combat few of the burned... Football was one of our only sources of hope, including 80 adults, Party why., 1990 wire, it apparently the authors interviewed turned the kitchen into quarters. 1970 to 1974. have to issue for more than 2,000 students, with water. Provinces seems high the Turkish camp authorities Mosul into its mandate of Iraq many had... See home minute ride 11 months of 1990. at least 200,000 Faili Kurds sought. 15 ), access to housing ( article 21 ) and freedom of movement ( 26 ) '' still! And Iran empire and created the modern is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees hazardous..., an independent Kurdish state ethnic toll for the children we saw had socks and many did not any! An independent Kurdish state authors interviewed turned the kitchen into sleeping quarters Party seized in... Night and they must store it in bottles for the children -- and and many did what happened to the kurds in iraq. From a local Kurdish contact shallow water trenches running between in 1923 the Treaty of was... Few of the Turkish government provides free to take another 600 the women got two pieces of and..., with shallow water trenches running between 1975, after the exodus modern is an apartment city of concrete.

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