Fast facts. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. Some of these include a centrally located Art Deco gazebo crowned with a white-washed naked muse, which happens to have superb acoustics. The architects had been inspired by the church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris, France. mas Group of answer choices Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. 1. Schmincke, H.-U., S. Kutterolf, W. Perez, J. Rausch J, A. Freundt, and W. Strauch, 2008. March 3, 2023, 8:54 AM PST / Source: Reuters. Managua's ability to cope with the disaster was also limited. ), $11.674 billion (2019 est. The airport, known as Aeropuerto Sandino or MGA to locals, serves as the primary hub for connections at both domestic and international levels. Managua is home to many types of museums, some art museums include the Julio Cortzar Museum and the Archivo Flmico de la Cinemateca Nacional. There are 36 bus routes in Managua. Almost every fourth Nicaraguan is a Managuan and the city still grows rapidly through people moving in, making a person "born and raised" in Managua something of a rare sight. El Nuevo Diario. [2][3] The city underwent a rapid expansion and urbanization between 1842 and 1930, leading it to become one of the most developed cities in Central America. The Polytechnic University of Nicaragua (UPOLI) (Spanish: Universidad Politcnica de Nicaragua) is a university located in Managua, Nicaragua. Managua is part of the Union of Ibero-American Capital Cities[71] from 12 October 1982 establishing brotherly relations with the following cities: This article is about the capital city of Nicaragua. Schmidt K.M. Coffee and cotton are the principal crops grown in the agricultural hinterland. Lake Managua contains the same fish species as larger Lake Cocibolca in southeastern Nicaragua, except for the freshwater sharks found exclusively in the latter. )industrial: 73.6 million cubic meters (2017 est. )permanent crops: 2.5% (2018 est. Other universities are the Central American University (1961), the Polytechnical University of Nicaragua (1968; university status 1976), the National University of Engineering (1983), the American University (1992), and Redemptoris Mater Catholic University of Nicaragua (1992). )permanent pasture: 27.2% (2018 est. 1950 110,000. )biomass and waste: 17.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Under the rule of Anastasio Somoza Garca and his family (19361979), the city was rebuilt and began to grow rapidly. Managua's progress came to a sudden halt after it suffered a second major earthquake on December 23, 1972, which destroyed 90% of the city's downtown and killed more than 19,120 people. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Artifacts such as mammoth footprints, pre-Columbian tools, a skull from Len Viejo, and a small collection of pottery, among other archeological objects.[51]. The Carretera A Masaya connects Managua to the departments of Masaya and Granada. )$5,200 (2020 est. It recently inaugurated its over US$52 million extension and renovation partly financed by Spain. [citation needed] The cathedral survived the 1931 earthquake, but was heavily damaged during the 1972 earthquake, which eventually led to the construction of a new cathedral located in another part of Managua. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. )spirits: 2.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. nos )geothermal: 16.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Buses are the most economical way to get around the city and thus contributes to high numbers of ridership. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 4.93% (2021 est. Are Nicaraguans white or black? ), total: 290,351 (2020 est. It is also the administrative, commercial, educational and economic hub of the country. The city has a population of roughly 1,800,000, composed predominantly of mestizos and whites; making it the second most populous city in Central America after Guatemala City. Fitch rating: B- (2018)Moody's rating: B3 (2020)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2018)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects. The airport used to serve as the hub for the Nicaragenses de Aviacin airline, which was bought by TACA Airlines the El Salvador national airline, that bought all of the airlines in Central America. Pop. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 2011. )other: 32.5% (2018 est. [15][16], These works of progress have relieved old concerns over water pollution and the endangering of native wildlife have brought some residents closer to the old city center and the rest of the mainland. 11/05/2011, Last edited on 22 February 2023, at 02:02, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, Institute of History of Nicaragua and Central America, Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto, Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, "Managua en el Tiempo: La "Novia del Xolotln", "Resurge el centro de Managua en busca de su antiguo esplendor", Proyecto NIC10-59044: Promocin de un Transporte Ambientalmente Sostenible para Managua Metropolitana, "Deadly history of earthquakes: 23 December 1972", ENACAL - Ms Aguas y Saneamientos 2007-2010, "Topic 4: Megaproject to Clean up Lake Managua Begins", Nicaragua inaugurates $86 million treatment plan to clean up Lake Managua, "Klimatafel von Managua (Int. Both national and international artists present shows, concerts, exhibitions, and cultural performances such as El Gegense among many others. Population: 6,545,502: Largest City Managua (1,063,698) Currency : Cordobas (NIO) GDP: $12.52 Billion: Managua is the capital city of Nicaragua. In 197879 it was the scene of general strikes against the government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle and of heavy fighting, particularly in the slum areas held by Sandinista rebels. Founded in 1819, Managua became the national capital in 1852. ), sugar cane, milk, rice, maize, plantains, groundnuts, cassava, beans, coffee, poultry, food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, knit and woven apparel, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood, electric wire harness manufacturing, mining, agriculture: 31%industry: 18%services: 50% (2011 est. The National Theatre is one of the few buildings that survived the 1972 earthquake that destroyed 90% of Managua. The country has a population of 6.2 million people (est. The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. ), number of registered air carriers: 1 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 7, total: 122,438 to 3,047 m: 31,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 3under 914 m: 4 (2021), total: 1351,524 to 2,437 m: 1914 to 1,523 m: 15under 914 m: 119 (2021), total: 23,897 km (2014)paved: 3,346 km (2014)unpaved: 20,551 km (2014), 2,220 km (2011) (navigable waterways as well as the use of the large Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua; rivers serve only the sparsely populated eastern part of the country), total: 5by type: general cargo 1, oil tanker 1, other 3 (2021), Army of Nicaragua (Ejercito de Nicaragua, EN): Land Forces (Fuerza Terrestre); Naval Forces (Fuerza Naval); Air Forces (Fuerza Area); Special Operations Command (Comando de Operaciones Especiales); Nicaraguan National Police (2022)note: both the military and the police report directly to the president, 0.6% of GDP (2021 est. ), degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 3.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The plaza has been partially rebuilt and many old buildings have been refurbished. The population in Managua, to 2021, is: 1.3 million people Managua population. ), improved: urban: 97.5% of populationrural: 62.6% of populationtotal: 83.2% of populationunimproved: urban: 2.5% of populationrural: 37.4% of populationtotal: 16.8% of population (2020 est. Nicaraguan men have been migrating seasonally to Costa Rica to harvest bananas and coffee since the early 20th century. Managua's most famous festival is that of its patron saint Santo Domingo de Guzmn. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. [14], Managua is located on the southern shores of Lake Managua, also known as Lake Xolotln. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The most centrally located is the Tiscapa Lagoon in the Tiscapa Lagoon Natural Reserve. )-1.79% (2020 est. )government consumption: 15.3% (2017 est. The airport is located near the northern highway and is about 11 kilometers (6.8mi) east of the city's downtown. In 1950, the population of Managua was 109,903. [22] The educational system includes 1 United States accredited English language university, 3 bilingual university programs, 5 bilingual secondary schools and dozens of English Language Institutes. / Nicaragua", "Central American Countries of the Future 2005/2006", "Hoy inaugurarn moderno observatorio astronmico", "Latin American Business School Ranking (2005)", "Wall Street Journal/Harris Interactive Business School Survey", "Universidad Thomas More Profesionales de Primera", "Universidad Centroamericana UCA de Nicaragua", "La Prensa, El Diario de los Nicaraguenses Noticias Economia", "Tourism Observer: NICARAGUA: Managua, Travel On Chicken Buses, Homosexuality Not Illegal Hence No Jail Sentence", "Miss Nicaragua, una historia accidentada", "Sobre Managua: Cultura y Turismo [Fiestas Patronales de Managua]", "Concluyen fiestas patronales de la capital nicaragense", "National Stadi Rubn Daro National Theater", "Monumento al General Augusto Cesar Sandino", "National Stadium: Baseball matches and more", "Nicaragua Briefs: Obando's New Cathedral Off to a Strange Start", "Central America takes harder line against gangs", "Drugs & Crime; Gang Profile: Mara Salvatrucha", "The case of Managua's District V: Disinformation, prudence or something else? It also has a tropical climate, as it is in the western part of Nicaragua. It also serves as the capital of the Managua Department of the country. After losing free and fair elections in 1990, 1996, and 2001, former Sandinista President Daniel ORTEGA was elected president in 2006, 2011, 2016, and most recently in 2021. On the professional level, the National Nicaraguan Football team has still not had the public support nor the international exposure as the regional counterparts like the Costa Rican, Honduran or Salvadoran teams. Its choice as a permanent capital in 1857 came after partisans of those two rival cities had exhausted themselves in internecine conflict. These estimates represent the Urban agglomeration of Managua, which typically includes Managua's population in addition to adjacent suburban areas. ms que The main trading products are beef, coffee, cotton, and other crops. The stadium was named in honor of Nicaragua's first baseball player to play in Major League Baseball. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. At the same time, the city is served by the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport, the country's primary international gateway, and regional Los Brasiles airport and Punta Huete military air base, recently renewed. )industry: 24.4% (2017 est. One out of every ten buses now grants access to wheelchair passengers, granting disabled passengers for the first time the ability to utilize public transportation resources.[68]. Cities. Since a population census has not currently been carried out, the estimate provided by the National Institute for Development Information INIDE is used, which estimates that by 2021 the population of the capital is 1,350,000 which corresponds to approximately 1.3 million people. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Transportation infrastructure has grown outside of Managua and other Pacific coast cities and departments in recent years. Managua's 2023 population is now estimated at 1,291,800. The Nicaraguan Revolution of 1979 to overthrow the Somoza regime and the 11-year-long Contra War of the 1980s further devastated the city and its economy. The Nicaraguan Revolution was ultimately responsible for the death of 2% of the Nicaraguan population, 50,000 people. Many different types of trees, some of which are not found elsewhere in the world, appear, including chilamates, ceibos, pochotes, genzaros, tigilotes, royal palms, piuelas and madroos (Nicaragua's national tree) surround the city. Nicaraguans emigrate primarily to Costa Rica and to a lesser extent the United States. The team reached the Final Four at the 2016 Liga Centroamericana de clubes de baloncesto. Critics pointed to the fact that buildings of particular importance, especially those of colonial heritage, were painted in bright colors. ), urban population: 59.8% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.45% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. The two largest fresh water lakes in Central America, Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua, are located there. World Book Advanced. )31.553 (2018 est. This event is celebrated with parades, floats, live music, food and dancing as well as the march of the Carnival Queen. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [8] The ancient footprints of Acahualinca are 2,100-year-old fossils[9] discovered along the shores of Lake Managua. 7/20/1979-Managua, Nicaragua-Members of the 5-man junta of the Sandinista provisional government wave from the top of a fire truck as they enter the main square in downtown Managua. )forest: 25.3% (2018 est. )proven reserves: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. A. Managua, like much of Western Nicaragua, except for the Sierras, has a tropical climate with constant temperatures averaging between 28 and 32C (82 and 90F). This also tends to be true for cities and towns that are served or are in close distance with the freeways. It is home to many factories which produce diverse products. )31.2% of GDP (2016 est. The metro area population of Managua in 2020 was 1,064,000, a 0.85% increase from 2019. )6.08% (2020 est. Image showing to men readi Tiscapa Lagoon, located within the Tiscapa Lagoon Natural Reserve is just south of Managua's Historical Center. The population reached 937,489 in 2005, with more than 1.2 million people in the metropolitan area, representing one-fourth of the total population of Nicaragua. Managua is governed by a Mayor, Deputy Mayor and City Council. Updates? The INCAE Business School (Spanish: Instituto Centroamericano de Administracin de Empresas, INCAE) is a private business school. [citation needed] During the parade many people dress up in typical costumes, masks and painted bodies. les, Yo ______me_______ doy de comer a mis perros dos veces al da. The Pan-American Highway and an international airport tie it to other Central and North American cities. The city's chief products include beer, coffee, pharmaceuticals, textiles, shoes, matches, construction products, etc. Once a Managuan scenic highlight, the lake has been polluted from the dumping of chemical and waste water since 1927. )$35.645 billion (2019 est. [37], Managua is Nicaragua's cultural capital, boasting several restaurants, theaters, museums, and a few shopping centers. and D.B.Kramer. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 0 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [citation needed] The project included the possibility of building a metro that would cross over the old center of the capital that remains rather unchanged since the 1972 earthquake. Nicaragua became an independent nation in 1838. Managua (Spanish pronunciation:[manawa]) is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and one of the largest cities in Central America. )$11.771 billion (2018 est. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Eventually, the church's original concrete and gray surface became accepted and Catholic pilgrims began to embrace the church as it was. Also, the tomb of Carlos Fonseca, founder of the FSLN, which is guarded by an eternal flame. Constructed of Carrara marble, Daro's monument is one of the greatest in the country. ), total petroleum production: 200 bbl/day (2021 est. nos Efforts to make Managua the capital of Nicaragua began in 1824, after the Central American nations formally attained their independence from Spain. University level institutions account for 6% of the 18 percent. [13] Infrastructure was severely damaged and rehabilitation or restoration of buildings was nearly impossible. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black 9%, Amerindian 5%, Contraceptive Prevalence Rate - female 15-49, Drinking Water Source - percent of rural population improved, Drinking Water Source - percent of total population unimproved, Drinking Water Source - percent of urban population improved, bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever, Hospital Bed Density - beds/1,000 population, Infant Mortality Rate - female deaths/1,000 live births, Infant Mortality Rate - male deaths/1,000 live births, Infant Mortality Rate - total deaths/1,000 live births, Major Infectious Diseases - degree of risk, Maternal Mortality Rate - deaths/100,000 live births, Physicians Density - physicians/1,000 population, Sanitation Facility Access - percent of total population unimproved, Sanitation Facility Access - percent of urban population improved, Sanitation Facility Access - percent of rural population improved, Total Fertility Rate - children born/woman, Underweight - percent of children under five years, Net Migration Rate - migrant(s)/1,000 population, Sex Ratio of Total Population - male/female, Total School Life Expectancy - (primary to tertiary). The capital city of Managua is situated halfway between two of Nicaragua's colonial jewels: the revolutionary city of Leon and the glittering gem that is Granada, founded in 1524. The Sandino monument was constructed on top of the wreckage of the old Mozarabic-style presidential palace commissioned by President Sacasa in the late 1920s but long used by the Somoza Family as their personal residence. The rainy season occurs between mid-May and mid-November, while the dry-season occurs between mid-November and the middle or end of May. Businesses mushroomed, new housing projects and schools were constructed, the airport was expanded and modernized, streets were widened, older malls were repaired and new ones were built, and buildings were cleaned up. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 10.34% (2021 est. note: data are in current year dollars$5.342 billion (2020 est.) The Southern Highway, the southern part of the Pan-American highway, connects Managua to southern departments Carazo, Rivas and others. [citation needed]. [6] The city also serves as the seat of Managua Department . This country consists of an area of 50,193 square miles. At the time of its construction in the late 1960s, it was the most modern stadium in Central America. The Santo Domingo de Guzmn Museum is an anthropology museum. The Nicaraguan capital has had an ascending population clearly registered in the censuses since 1971, with an initial population of 384,904 for that year, which has increased to 908,892 for the year 2005. ms de, Select the correct answer. Several new hotels including Crowne Plaza, Best Western, InterContinental, Holiday Inn, and Hilton currently have facilities in Managua. [12] Managua had become Central America's most developed city. The metro would serve important locales, such as the Augusto C. Sandino International Airport and continue service to Ciudad Sandino. The newly reconstructed Carretera A Len connects Managua with Len. ), household consumption: 69.9% (2017 est. Visiting Managua, The Capital of Nicaragua. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 27%, Mexico 12%, China 11%, Guatemala 9%, Costa Rica 7%, El Salvador 6%, Honduras 6% (2019), refined petroleum, clothing and apparel, crude petroleum, packaged medicines, insulated wiring (2019), $4.047 billion (31 December 2021 est. [citation needed], The National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Nicaragua) is the main state-funded public university of Nicaragua. ), $6.617 billion (2021 est.) The earliest settlers were probably related to the Maya and Aztec people of Mexico.One of the largest groups of early people was the Nicarao. The city is only 163 feet (50 metres) above sea level and is one of Central Americas warmest capitals. 36(4):289300. Managua is the biggest and capital city of Nicaragua. It serves as a venue for baseball and soccer games, as well as concerts and religious events. The lakeshore is at an altitude of 55 meters (180 feet) above sea level, and the city climbs as it gets towards the Sierras de Managua further south where it is over 700 meters (2,297 feet) above sea level. [21] Nicaragua's higher education system consists of 48 universities and 113 colleges, vocational and technical institutes which serve students in the areas of electronics, computer systems and sciences, agroforestry, construction and trade-related services. It remains here for ten days until the morning of August 10, when the "Subida del Santo" (walking up of the saint) returns the statue to Las Sierritas Church where it remains for the rest of the year. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 82.6%male: 82.4%female: 82.8% (2015), total: 11.6%male: 10.2%female: 15.5% (2021 est. The project costs $100 million and has been considered as a possibility for the nation's capital. )wine: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Road development and market access on Nicaragua's Caribbean coast: implications for household fishing and farming practices. Managua boasts a vibrant night life. [2][3] Or, it may have come from the Mangue language, where the word managua was said to mean "place of the big man" or "chief". Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The city has a population of approximately 1.5 million people. )imports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Located on Lake Managua's southwestern shores, Managua is the capital and the most populated city in Nicaragua. Ese Managua is the economic center and a generator of services for the majority of the nation. MAJESTIC TURKEY BY CULTURE TRIP [33] Multinational companies such as Wal-Mart, Telefonica, Union Fenosa, and Parmalat have offices and operations in Managua. me It has a population of over 6.1 million. 16 Nov. 2009. In the numismatic hall there is a permanent exhibition of Nicaraguan coins, bills, and memorial medals from throughout Nicaragua's history.[43]. The metro area population of Managua in 2021 was 1,073,000, a 0.85% increase from 2020. However, with support of the FIFA, the first national soccer stadium in Managua is under construction.[46]. The Nicaraguan capital has had an ascending population clearly registered in the censuses since 1971, with an initial population of 384,904 for that year, which has increased to 908,892 for the year 2005 . )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The Dennis Martnez National Stadium has a capacity for 40,000, making it the largest stadium in Nicaragua. Nearby is the Monument to Sandino which is a silhouette of Augusto C. Sandino, one of Nicaragua's national heroes. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020, [4] and a population of 1,401,687 [4] in its metropolitan area. )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 13,000 bbl/day (2018 est. The Doctor Roberto Incer Barquero Library, located in Managua, is designated to promote Nicaraguan culture. Many of these individuals live in the country's cities and urban areas. GENEVA (2 March 2023) - Widespread human rights violations that amount to crimes against humanity are being committed against civilians by Nicaragua's Government for political reasons, the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua said in a new report that calls for the international community to impose sanctions on institutions or individuals involved. World Book, 2009. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Managua - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Managua - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Managua, Nicaragua: Plaza de la Revolucin, monument to Rubn Daro, Managua, Nicaragua. 84% of the country's population lives in urban areas. [citation needed] These are regulated by the city's regulatory entity for municipal transports (IRTRAMMA) and individually operated by cooperatives and private companies. Coffee and cotton are the principal crops grown in the agricultural hinterland. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )33.122 (2019 est. The metro area population of Managua in 2022 was 1,083,000, a 0.93% increase from 2021. In 1952 the University of Managua became part of the National University of Nicaragua. ), fossil fuels: 37.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. [18] There are cinemas in all major shopping centers; screening both English- and Spanish-language films. The surface area is 267.2 square kilometers. And seven bus routes connect to the nearby Ciudad Sandino. Thousands of people attend this event which involves dancing, eating, drinking and the marching of musical bands, mainly for traditions that date back to pre-colonial times, or to ask for personal miracles, make promises, or give thanks to the saint. Only five lesser-known presidential candidates of mostly small parties allied to ORTEGA's Sandinistas were allowed to run against ORTEGA in the November 2021 election. ), at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2023 est. Municipal, regional, and national-level elections since 2008 have been marred by widespread irregularities. )investment in fixed capital: 28.1% (2017 est. Since, the number of gangs and gang members both decreased and increased to 34 gangs in 2005, with 706 members in Managua.[61]. [citation needed]. [54] The St. James' Cathedral became the first cathedral in the Western Hemisphere to be built entirely of concrete on a metal frame. 5 million B. Capital and largest city is Managua, almost one quarter of the country's population lives in the city. Although promoting or practicing homosexuality was illegal in Nicaragua,[44] there is a modest gay social scene in Managua. Located on the shores of Lake Managua, the city had an estimated population of 1,055,247 as of 2020,[4] and a population of 1,401,687[4] in its metropolitan area. Notable landmarks include Daro Park, with its monument to Nicaraguas famed poet Rubn Daro; the National Palace; the 20th-century cathedral; the Carlos Fonseca Memorial; and the Tower of Democracy. New private courts have played a big role in the promotion of amateur games and tournaments. )wind: 15.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. 2.7 million inhabitants reside in the Pacific region alone, while inhabitants in the Caribbean region only reach an estimated 700,000. Managua Urban Area Population History. The Dennis Martnez National Stadium is home to many baseball games of Managua's Boer team. Between 1852 and 1930, Managua underwent extensive urbanization, becoming a base of governance, infrastructure and services. As stated before Managua only has two seasons, the dry and the rainy. There is also a park dedicated to the Guatemalan writer Miguel ngel Asturias. )$496.7 million (2020 est. 0-14 years: 24.16% (male 784,847/female 751,616)15-64 years: 69.36% (male 2,134,871/female 2,276,522)65 years and over: 6.48% (2023 est.) ), deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; drought, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 16.87 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. In 2005, almost 400,000 (7%) of Nicaraguans held a university degree.

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